Antero Salminen
Visiting Researcher
Faculty of Health Sciences
antero.salminen@uef.fi
Publications
192/192 items-
The role of the immunosuppressive PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint pathway in the aging process and age-related diseases
Salminen, Antero. 2024. Journal of molecular medicine: jmm. [Epub ahead of print 11 April 2024]: 1-18 -
Tissue fibroblasts are versatile immune regulators: An evaluation of their impact on the aging process
Salminen, Antero; Kaarniranta, Kai; Kauppinen, Anu. 2024. Ageing research reviews. 97: -
AMPK signaling inhibits the differentiation of myofibroblasts: impact on age-related tissue fibrosis and degeneration
Salminen, Antero. 2023. Biogerontology. 2024; 25: 83-106 -
Activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in Alzheimer’s disease: role of tryptophan metabolites generated by gut host-microbiota
Salminen, Antero. 2023. Journal of molecular medicine: jmm. 101: 201-222 -
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) impairs circadian regulation: Impact on the aging process
Salminen, Antero. 2023. Ageing research reviews. 87: . 101928 -
The plasticity of fibroblasts: A forgotten player in the aging process
Salminen, Antero. 2023. Ageing research reviews. 89: -
The role of immunosuppressive myofibroblasts in the aging process and age-related diseases
Salminen, Antero. 2023. Journal of molecular medicine: jmm. 101: 1169-1189 -
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) reveals evidence of antagonistic pleiotropy in the regulation of the aging process
Salminen, Antero. 2022. Cellular and molecular life sciences. 79: . 489 -
Clinical perspectives on the age-related increase of immunosuppressive activity
Salminen, Antero. 2022. Journal of molecular medicine: jmm. 100: 697-712 -
Mutual antagonism between aryl hydrocarbon receptor and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (AhR/HIF-1α) signaling: Impact on the aging process
Salminen, Antero. 2022. Cellular signalling. 99: -
Photoaging: UV radiation-induced inflammation and immunosuppression accelerate the aging process in the skin
Salminen, Antero; Kaarniranta, Kai; Kauppinen, Anu. 2022. Inflammation research. 71: 817-831 -
Role of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) and kynurenine pathway in the regulation of the aging process
Salminen, Antero. 2022. Ageing research reviews. 75: -
Feed-forward regulation between cellular senescence and immunosuppression promotes the aging process and age-related diseases
Salminen, Antero. 2021. Ageing research reviews. 67: 101280 -
Hypoxia/ischemia impairs CD33 (Siglec-3)/TREM2 signaling: Potential role in Alzheimer's pathogenesis
Salminen, Antero; Kaarniranta, Kai; Kauppinen, Anu. 2021. Neurochemistry international. 150: 105186 -
Immunosuppressive network promotes immunosenescence associated with aging and chronic inflammatory conditions
Salminen, Antero. 2021. Journal of molecular medicine: jmm. [Published 25 August 2021]: 1-17 -
Insulin/IGF-1 signaling promotes immunosuppression via the STAT3 pathway: impact on the aging process and age-related diseases
Salminen, Antero; Kaarniranta, Kai; Kauppinen, Anu. 2021. Inflammation research. 70: 1043-1061 -
ER stress activates immunosuppressive network: implications for aging and Alzheimer's disease
Salminen, Antero; Kaarniranta, Kai; Kauppinen, Anu. 2020. Journal of molecular medicine: jmm. 98: 633-650 -
Exosomal vesicles enhance immunosuppression in chronic inflammation: Impact in cellular senescence and the aging process
Salminen, Antero; Kaarniranta, Kai; Kauppinen, Anu. 2020. Cellular signalling. 75: 109771 -
Increased immunosuppression impairs tissue homeostasis with aging and age-related diseases
Salminen, Antero. 2020. Journal of molecular medicine: jmm. 2021; 99: 1-20 -
Mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction and their impact on age-related macular degeneration
Kaarniranta, Kai; Uusitalo, Hannu; Blasiak, Janusz; Felszeghy, Szabolcs; Kannan, Ram; Kauppinen, Anu; Salminen, Antero; Sinha, Debasish; Ferrington, Deborah. 2020. Progress in retinal and eye research. 78: 100858 -
Potential Role of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells (MDSCs) in Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)
Kauppinen, Anu; Kaarniranta, Kai; Salminen, Antero. 2020. Frontiers in immunology. 11: 384 -
The suppressive mechanisms are examined in detail in association with AD pathogenesis Hypoperfusion is a potential inducer of immunosuppressive network in Alzheimer's disease
Salminen, Antero. 2020. Neurochemistry international. 142: 104919 -
AMPK activation inhibits the functions of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC): impact on cancer and aging
Salminen, Antero; Kauppinen, Anu; Kaarniranta, Kai. 2019. Journal of molecular medicine: jmm. 97: 1049-1064 -
Activation of immunosuppressive network in the aging process
Salminen, Antero. 2019. Ageing research reviews. 2020; 57: 100998 -
Immunosenescence: the potential role of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) in age-related immune deficiency
Salminen, Antero; Kaarniranta, Kai; Kauppinen, Anu. 2019. Cellular and molecular life sciences. 76: 1901-1918 -
Loss of NRF-2 and PGC-1[alpha] genes leads to retinal pigment epithelium damage resembling dry age-related macular degeneration
Felszeghy, S; Viiri, J; Paterno, JJ; Hyttinen, JMT; Koskela, A; Chen, M; Leinonen, H; Tanila, H; Kivinen, N; Koistinen, A; Toropainen, E; Amadio, M; Smedowski, A; Reinisalo, M; Winiarczyk, M; Mackiewicz, J; Mutikainen, M; Ruotsalainen, AK; Kettunen, M; Jokivarsi, K; et al [Incl Kaarniranta, K; Kauppinen, A; Kinnunen, K; Levonen, A-L; Salminen, A; Tavi, P-P; Urtti, A]. 2018. Redox biology. 2019; 20: 1-12 -
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC): an important partner in cellular/tissue senescence
Salminen, Antero; Kauppinen, Anu; Kaarniranta, Kai. 2018. Biogerontology. 19: 325-329 -
The role of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) in the inflammaging process
Salminen, Antero; Kaarniranta, Kai; Kauppinen, Anu. 2018. Ageing research reviews. 48: 1-10 -
DNA damage response and autophagy in the degeneration of retinal pigment epithelial cells - Implications for age-related macular degeneration (AMD)
Hyttinen JMT, Blasiak J, Niittykoski M, Kinnunen K, Kauppinen A, Salminen A, Kaarniranta K. 2017. Ageing research reviews. 36: 64-77 -
Hypoxia/ischemia activate processing of Amyloid Precursor Protein: impact of vascular dysfunction in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease
Salminen Antero, Kauppinen Anu, Kaarniranta Kai. 2017. Journal of neurochemistry. 140: 536-549 -
Integrated stress response stimulates FGF21 expression: Systemic enhancer of longevity
Salminen A, Kaarniranta K, Kauppinen A. 2017. Cellular signalling. 40: 10-21 -
Regulation of longevity by FGF21: Interaction between energy metabolism and stress responses
Salminen Antero, Kaarniranta Kai, Kauppinen Anu. 2017. Ageing research reviews. 37: 79-93 -
AMPK and HIF signaling pathways regulate both longevity and cancer growth: the good news and the bad news about survival mechanisms
Salminen Antero, Kaarniranta Kai, Kauppinen Anu. 2016. Biogerontology. 17: 655-680 -
AMPK/Snf1 signaling regulates histone acetylation: Impact on gene expression and epigenetic functions
Salminen Antero, Kauppinen Anu, Kaarniranta Kai. 2016. Cellular signalling. 28: 887-895 -
Age-related changes in AMPK activation: Role for AMPK phosphatases and inhibitory phosphorylation by upstream signaling pathways
Salminen Antero, Kaarniranta Kai, Kauppinen Anu. 2016. Ageing research reviews. 28: 15-26 -
FGF21 activates AMPK signaling: impact on metabolic regulation and the aging process
Salminen Antero, Kauppinen Anu, Kaarniranta Kai. 2016. Journal of molecular medicine: jmm. 2017; 95: 123-131 -
Hypoxia-Inducible Histone Lysine Demethylases: Impact on the Aging Process and Age-Related Diseases
Salminen Antero, Kaarniranta Kai, Kauppinen Anu. 2016. Aging and disease. 7: 180-200 -
Inflammation and its role in age-related macular degeneration
Kauppinen Anu, Paterno Jussi J, Blasiak Janusz, Salminen Antero, Kaarniranta Kai. 2016. Cellular and molecular life sciences. 73: 1765-1786 -
2-Oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases are sensors of energy metabolism, oxygen availability, and iron homeostasis: potential role in the regulation of aging process
Salminen Antero, Kauppinen Anu, Kaarniranta Kai. 2015. Cellular and molecular life sciences. 72: 3897-3914 -
BET Inhibition Upregulates SIRT1 and Alleviates Inflammatory Responses
Kokkola Tarja, Suuronen Tiina, Pesonen Maija, Filippakopoulos Panagis, Salminen Antero, Jarho Elina M, Lahtela-Kakkonen Maija. 2015. Chembiochem. 16: 1997-2001 -
Hypoxia and GABA shunt activation in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease
Salminen Antero, Jouhten Paula, Sarajärvi Timo, Haapasalo Annakaisa, Hiltunen Mikko. 2015. Neurochemistry international. 92: 13-24 -
Impaired mitochondrial energy metabolism in Alzheimer's disease: Impact on pathogenesis via disturbed epigenetic regulation of chromatin landscape
Salminen Antero, Haapasalo Annakaisa, Kauppinen Anu, Kaarniranta Kai, Soininen Hilkka, Hiltunen Mikko. 2015. Progress in neurobiology. epub ahead of print 19 May 2015: -
Quercetin alleviates 4-hydroxynonenal-induced cytotoxicity and inflammation in ARPE-19 cells
Hytti Maria, Piippo Niina, Salminen Antero, Honkakoski Paavo, Kaarniranta Kai, Kauppinen Anu. 2015. Experimental eye research. 132: 208-215 -
AROS has a context-dependent effect on SIRT1
Kokkola Tarja, Suuronen Tiina, Molnár Ferdinand, Määttä Juha, Salminen Antero, Jarho Elina M, Lahtela-Kakkonen Maija. 2014. Febs letters. 588: 1523-1528 -
Clearance of misfolded and aggregated proteins by aggrephagy and implications for aggregation diseases
Hyttinen JM, Amadio M, Viiri J, Pascale A, Salminen A, Kaarniranta K. 2014. Ageing research reviews. 18: 16-28 -
Decline in cellular clearance systems induces inflammasome signaling in human ARPE-19 cells
Piippo N, Korkmaz A, Hytti M, Kinnunen K, Salminen A, Atalay M, Kaarniranta K, Kauppinen A. 2014. Biochimica et biophysica acta: molecular cell research. 1843: 3038-3046 -
Estrogen Signalling in the Pathogenesis of Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Kaarniranta Kai, Machalinska Anna, Veréb Zoltán, Salminen Antero, Petrovski Goran, Kauppinen Anu. 2014. Current eye research. 2014: 1-8 -
Histone demethylase Jumonji D3 (JMJD3/KDM6B) at the nexus of epigenetic regulation of inflammation and the aging process
Salminen Antero, Kaarniranta Kai, Hiltunen Mikko, Kauppinen Anu. 2014. Journal of molecular medicine: jmm. -: - -
Hsp70 binds reversibly to proteasome inhibitor-induced protein aggregates and evades autophagic clearance in ARPE-19 cells
Kivinen Niko, Hyttinen Juha MT, Viiri Johanna, Paterno Jussi, Felszheghy Szabolcs, Kauppinen Anu, Salminen Antero, Kaarniranta Kai. 2014. Journal of biochemical and pharmacological research. 2: 1-7 -
Inflammaging Signaling in Health Span and Life Span Regulation: Next Generation Targets for Longevity
Salminen A, Kauppinen A, Kaarniranta K. Teoksessa: Irfan Rahman and Debasis Bagchi(toim.) , 2014. Inflammation, Advancing Age and Nutrition: Research and Clinical Interventions. s. 323-332. Academic press -
Interleukin-18 alters protein expressions of neurodegenerative diseases-linked proteins in human SH-SY5Y neuron-like cells
Sutinen EM, Korolainen MA, Häyrinen J, Alafuzoff I, Petratos S, Salminen A, Soininen H, Pirttilä T, Ojala JO. 2014. Frontiers in cellular neuroscience. 8: 1-16 -
Krebs cycle dysfunction shapes epigenetic landscape of chromatin: Novel insights into mitochondrial regulation of aging process
Salminen Antero, Kaarniranta Kai, Hiltunen Mikko, Kauppinen Anu. 2014. Cellular signalling. 26: 1598-1603 -
Krebs cycle intermediates regulate DNA and histone methylation: Epigenetic impact on the aging process
Salminen Antero, Kauppinen Anu, Hiltunen Mikko, Kaarniranta Kai. 2014. Ageing research reviews. 16: 45-65 -
Antagonistic crosstalk between NF-kappaB and SIRT1 in the regulation of inflammation and metabolic disorders
Kauppinen A, Suuronen T, Ojala J, Kaarniranta K, Salminen A. 2013. Cellular signalling. 25: 1939-1948 -
Autophagy Activation Clears ELAVL1/HuR-Mediated Accumulation of SQSTM1/p62 during Proteasomal Inhibition in Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells
Viiri J, Amadio M, Marchesi N, Hyttinen JM, Kivinen N, Sironen R, Rilla K, Akhtar S, Provenzani A, D'Agostino VG, Govoni S, Pascale A, Agostini H, Petrovski G, Salminen A, Kaarniranta K. 2013. PLoS ONE. 8: e6963, 16 pages -
Autophagy and heterophagy dysregulation leads to retinal pigment epithelium dysfunction and development of age-related macular degeneration
Kaarniranta K, Sinha D, Blasiak J, Kauppinen A, Vereb Z, Salminen A, Boulton ME, Petrovski G. 2013. Autophagy. 9: 1-12 -
Beclin 1 interactome controls the crosstalk between apoptosis, autophagy and inflammasome activation: Impact on the aging process
Salminen A, Kaarniranta K, Kauppinen A. 2013. Ageing research reviews. 12: 520-534 -
Cellular and molecular mechanisms of age-related macular degeneration: From impaired autophagy to neovascularization
Klettner A, Kauppinen A, Blasiak J, Roider J, Salminen A, Kaarniranta K. 2013. International journal of biochemistry and cell biology. 45: 1457-1467 -
Crosstalk between Oxidative Stress and SIRT1: Impact on the Aging Process
Salminen A, Kaarniranta K, Kauppinen A. 2013. International journal of molecular sciences. 14: 3834-3859 -
Epigenetic regulation of ASC/TMS1 expression: potential role in apoptosis and inflammasome function
Salminen A, Kauppinen A, Hiltunen M, Kaarniranta K. 2013. Cellular and molecular life sciences. -: - -
Impaired autophagy and APP processing in Alzheimer's disease: The potential role of Beclin 1 interactome
Salminen A, Kaarniranta K, Kauppinen A, Ojala J, Haapasalo A, Soininen H, Hiltunen M. 2013. Progress in neurobiology. 106-107: 33-54 -
Inflammation as a target of minocycline: special interest in the regulation of inflammasome signaling
Kauppinen A, Salminen A, Kaarniranta K. 2013. Inflammasome. 1: 2-14 -
Maturation of autophagosomes and endosomes: A key role for Rab7
Hyttinen JMT, Niittykoski M, Salminen A, Kaarniranta K. 2013. Biochimica et biophysica acta: international journal of biochemistry and biophysics. 1833: 503-510 -
Potential of epigenetic mechanisms in AMD pathology
Blasiak J, Salminen A, Kaarniranta K. 2013. FRONTIERS IN BIOSCIENCE. 5: 412-425 -
Protein aggregation and degradation mechanisms in neurodegenerative diseases
Takalo M, Salminen A, Soininen H, Hiltunen M, Haapasalo A. 2013. American journal of neurodegenerative disease. 2: 1-14 -
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) controls the aging process via an integrated signaling network
Salminen A, Kaarniranta K. 2012. Ageing research reviews. 11: 230-241 -
Adiponectin receptor 1 gene (ADIPOR1) variant is associated with advanced age-related macular degeneration in Finnish population
Kaarniranta K, Paananen J, Nevalainen T, Sorri I, Seitsonen S, Immonen I, Salminen A, Pulkkinen L, Uusitupa M. 2012. Neuroscience letters. 513: 233-237 -
Autophagy regulating kinases as potential therapeutic targets for age-related macular degeneration
Kaarniranta K, Kauppinen A, Blasiak J, Salminen A. 2012. Future medicinal chemistry. 4: 2153-2161 -
Context-dependent regulation of autophagy by IKK-NF-kappaB signaling: Impact on the aging process
Salminen A, Hyttinen JMT, Kauppinen A, Kaarniranta K. 2012. International journal of cell biology. 2012: 15 pages -
Emerging role of NF-kappaB signaling in the induction of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP)
Salminen A, Kauppinen A, Kaarniranta K. 2012. Cellular signalling. 24: 835-845 -
Emerging role of p62/sequestosome-1 in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease
Salminen, A; Kaarniranta, K; Haapasalo, A; Hiltunen, M; Soininen, H; Alafuzoff, I. 2012. Progress in neurobiology. 96: 87-95 -
Genetic Variability in DNA Repair Proteins in Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Blasiak, J; Synowiec, E; Salminen, A; Kaarniranta, K. 2012. International journal of molecular sciences. 13: 13378-13379 -
Inflammaging: disturbed interplay between autophagy and inflammasomes
Salminen, A; Kaarniranta, K; Kauppinen, A. 2012. Aging. 4: 166-175 -
Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress active inflammasomes: impact on the aging process and age-related diseases
Salminen A, Ojala J, Kaarniranta K, Kauppinen A. 2012. Cellular and molecular life sciences. 69: 2999-3013 -
Oxidative stress activates NLRP3 inflammasomes in ARPE-19 cells - Implications for age-related macular degeneration (AMD)
Kauppinen A, Niskanen H, Suuronen T, Kinnunen K, Salminen A, Kaarniranta K. 2012. Immunology letters. 147: 29-33 -
Phytochemicals suppress nuclear factor-kappaB signaling: impact on health span and the aging process
Salminen A, Kauppinen A, Kaarniranta K. 2012. Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care. 15: 23-28 -
Pro-inflammatory interleukin-18 increases Alzheimer's disease-associated amyloid-beta production in human neuron-like cells
Sutinen EM, Pirttilä T, Anderson G, Salminen A, Ojala JO. 2012. Journal of neuroinflammation. 9: 199 -
The preservative polyquaternium-1 increases cytoxicity and NF-kappaB linked inflammation in human corneal epithelial cells
Paimela, T; Ryhänen, T; Kauppinen, A; Marttila, L; Salminen, A; Kaarniranta, K. 2012. Molecular vision. 18: 1189-1196 -
5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase-Mammalian target of rapamycin axis as therapeutic target for age-related macular degeneration
Hyttinen JM, Petrovski G, Salminen A, Kaarniranta K. 2011. Rejuvenation research. 14: 651-660 -
AMP-activated protein kinase inhibits NF-kappaB signaling and inflammation: impact on healthspan and lifespan
Salminen A, Hyttinen JMT, Kaarniranta K. 2011. Journal of molecular medicine: jmm. 89: 667-676 -
AMP-activated protein kinase: a potential player in Alzheimer's disease
Salminen A, Kaarniranta K, Haapasalo A, Soininen H, Hiltunen M. 2011. Journal of neurochemistry. 118: 460-474 -
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD): Alzheimer's Disease in the eye
Kaarniranta K, Salminen A, Haapasalo A, Soininen H, Hiltunen M. 2011. Journal of Alzheimer's disease. 24: 615-631 -
Apoptosis and aging: increased resistance to apoptosis enhances the aging process
Salminen A, Ojala J, Kaarniranta K. 2011. Cellular and molecular life sciences. 68: 1021-1031 -
Astrocytes in the aging brain express characteristics of senescence-associated secretory phenotype
Salminen A, Ojala J, Kaarniranta K, Haapasalo A, Hiltunen M, Soininen H. 2011. European journal of neuroscience. 34: 3-11 -
Celastrol regulates innate immunity response via NF-kappaB and Hsp70 in human retinal pigment epithelial cells
Paimela T, Hyttinen JMT, Viiri J, Ryhänen T, Karjalainen RO, Salminen A, Kaarniranta K. 2011. Pharmacological research. 64: 501-508 -
Characterization of a novel transgenic rat carrying human tau with mutation P301L
Korhonen P, van Groen T, Thornell A, Kyrylenko S, Soininen M-L, Ojala J, Peltomaa E, Tanila H, Salminen A, Mandelkow EM, Soininen H. 2011. Neurobiology of aging. 32: 2314-2315 -
Cis-urocanic acid inhibits SAPK/JNK signaling pathway in UV-B exposed human corneal epithelial cells in vitro
Jauhonen H-M, Kauppinen A, Paimela T, Laihia JK, Leino L, Salminen A, Kaarniranta K. 2011. Molecular vision. 17: 2311-2317 -
Control of p53 and NF-kB signaling by WIP1 and MIF: Role in cellular senescence and organismal aging
Salminen Antero, Kaarniranta Kai. 2011. Cellular signalling. 23: 747-752 -
Emerging role of p62/sequestosome-1 in th pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease
Salminen A, Kaarniranta K, Haapasalo A, Hiltunen M, Soininen H, Alafuzoff I. 2011. Progress in neurobiology. 96: 87-95 -
Structure-based design of pseudopeptidic inhibitors for SIRT1 and SIRT2
Huhtiniemi Tero, Salo Heikki S, Suuronen Tiina, Poso Antti, Salminen Antero, Leppänen Jukka, Jarho Elina, Lahtela-Kakkonen Maija. 2011. Journal of medicinal chemistry. 54: 6456-6468 -
Celastrol: Molecular targets of Thunder God Vine
Salminen A, Lehtonen M, Paimela T & Kaarniranta K. 2010. Biochemical and biophysical research communications. 394: 439 - 442 -
ER stress and hormetic regulation of the aging process
Salminen A & Kaarniranta K. 2010. Ageing research reviews. 9: 211-217 -
Endoplasmic reticulum stress in age-related macular degeneration: Trigger for neovascularization
Salminen A, Kauppinen A, Hyttinen JMT, Toropainen E & Kaarniranta K. 2010. MOLECULAR MEDICINE TODAY. 16: 535-542 -
Genetics vs. entrophy: Longevity factors suppress the NF-kB-driven entropic aging process
Salminen A & Kaarniranta K. 2010. Ageing research reviews. 9: 298-314 -
Glycolysis Links p53 Function With NF-kB Signaling: Impact on Cancer and Aging Process
Salminen A & Kaarniranta K. 2010. Journal of cellular physiology. 224: 1-6 -
Hsp90 regulates tau pathology through co-chaperone complexes in Alzheimer's disease
Salminen A, Ojala J, Kaarniranta K, Hiltunen M & Soininen H. 2010. Progress in neurobiology. 93: 99-110 -
Influence of Hsp90 and HDAC Inhibition and Tubulin Acetylation on Perinuclear Protein Aggregation in Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells
Ryhänen T, Viiri J, Hyttinen JTM, Uusitalo H, Salminen A & Kaarniranta K. 2010. Journal of biomedicine and biotechnology. 2011;2011;798052. Epub 2010 Oct 24: 1-8 -
Influence of selective estrogen receptor modulators on interleukin-6 expression in human retinal pigment epithelial cells (ARPE-19)
Paimela T, Hyttinen JMT, Viiri J, Ryhänen T, Karvonen MK, Unkila M, Uusitalo H, Salminen A & Kaarniranta K. 2010. European journal of pharmacology. 640: 219-225 -
Insulin/IGF-1 paradox of aging: Regulation via AKT/IKK/NF-kB signaling
Salminen A & Kaarniranta K. 2010. Cellular signalling. 22: 573-577 -
Mechanisms of protein aggregation in the retinal pigment epithelial cells
Kai Kaarniranta, Juha Hyttinen, Tuomas Ryhanen, Johanna Viiri, Tuomas Paimela, Elisa Toropainen, Iiris Sorri & Antero Salminen. 2010. FRONTIERS IN BIOSCIENCE. E2: 1374-1384 -
N(epsilon)-modified lysine containing inhibitors for SIRT1 and SIRT2
Huhtiniemi T, Suuronen T, Lahtela-Kakkonen M, Bruijn T, Jääskeläinen S, Poso A, Salminen A, Leppänen J & Jarho E. 2010. Bioorganic and medicinal chemistry. 18: 5616-5625 -
Posteri: Interleukin-18 alters expression profiles of amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzymes in SH-SY5Y cells:10th International Congress of Neuroimmunology 26.-30.10.2010, Barcelona, Espanja
Sutinen Elina M., Alafuzoff I, Salminen Antero, Pirttilä Tuula, Ojala Johanna O.. 2010. -
Valproic acid stimulates clusterin expression in human astrocytes: Implications for Alzheimer's disease
Nuutinen T, Suuronen T, Kauppinen A & Salminen A. 2010. Neuroscience letters. 475: 64-68 -
p62/sequestosome 1 as a regulator of proteasome inhibitor-induced autophagy in human retinal pigment epithelial cells
Viiri J, Hyttinen JMT, Ryhänen T, Rilla K, Paimela T, Kuusisto E, Siitonen A, Urtti A, Salminen A & Kaarniranta K. 2010. Molecular vision. 16: 1399-1414 -
Age-related macular degeneration: activation of innate immunity system via pattern recognition receptors
Kaarniranta K, Salminen A. 2009. Journal of molecular medicine: jmm. 87: 117-123 -
Clusterin: A forgotten player in Alzheimer's disease
Nuutinen T, Suuronen T, Kauppinen A, Salminen A. 2009. Brain research reviews. 61: 89-104 -
ER stress in Alzheimer's disease: a novel neuronal trigger for inflammation and Alzheimer's pathology
Salminen A, Kauppinen A, Suuronen T, Kaarniranta K, Ojala J. 2009. Journal of neuroinflammation. 6: [13 p.] -
Heat shock proteins as gatekeepers of proteolytic pathways - Implications for age-related macular generation (AMD)
Kaarniranta K, Salminen A, Eskelinen E-L, Kopitz J. 2009. Ageing research reviews. 8: 128-139 -
Inflammation in Alzheimer's disease: Amyloid-beta oligomers trigger innate immunity defence via pattern recognition receptors
Salminen A, Ojala J, Kauppinen A, Kaarniranta K, Suuronen T. 2009. Progress in neurobiology. 87: 181-194 -
N(epsilon)-Thioacetyl-lysine-containing tri-, tetra-, and pentapeptides as SIRT1 and SIRT2 inhibitors
Kiviranta PH, Suuronen T, Wallén EAA, Leppänen J, Tervonen J, Kyrylenko S, Salminen A, Poso A, Jarho EM. 2009. Journal of medicinal chemistry. 52: 2153-2156 -
NF-kappaB signaling as a putative target for omega-3 metabolites in the prevention of age-related macular degeneration (AMD)
Kaarniranta K, Salminen A. 2009. Experimental gerontology. 44: 685-688 -
NF-kappaB signaling in the aging process
Salminen A, Kaarniranta K. 2009. Journal of clinical immunology. 29: 397-405 -
Regulation of the aging process by autophagy
Salminen A, Kaarniranta K. 2009. Trends in molecular medicine. 15: 217-224 -
Regulatory role of HIF-1alfa in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD)
Arjamaa O, Nikinmaa M, Salminen A, Kaarniranta K. 2009. Ageing research reviews. 8: 349-358 -
SIRT1 regulates the ribosomal DNA locus: Epigenetic candles twinkle longevity in the Christmas tree
Salminen A, Kaarniranta K. 2009. Biochemical and biophysical research communications. 378: 6-9 -
SIRT1: Regulation of longevity via autophagy
Salminen A, Kaarniranta K. 2009. Cellular signalling. 21: 1356-1360 -
Siglec receptors and hiding plaques in Alzheimer's disease
Salminen A, Kaarniranta K. 2009. Journal of molecular medicine: jmm. 87: 697-701 -
Activation of innate immunity system during aging: NF-kB signaling is the molecular culprit of inflamm-aging
Salminen A, Huuskonen J, Ojala J, Kauppinen A, Kaarniranta K, Suuronen T. 2008. Ageing research reviews. 7: 83-105 -
Amyloid-beta oligomers set fire to inflammasomes and induce Alzherimer's pathology
Salminen A, Ojala J, Suuronen T, Kaarniranta K, Kauppinen A. 2008. Journal of cellular and molecular medicine. 12: 2255-2262 -
Characterization of the binding properties of SIRT2 inhibitors with a N-(3-phenylpropenoyl)-glycine tryptamide backbone
Kiviranta PH, Salo HS, Leppänen J, Rinne VM, Kyrylenko S, Kuusisto E, Suuronen T, Salminen A, Poso A, Lahtela-Kakkonen M, Wallén EAA. 2008. Bioorganic and medicinal chemistry. 16: 8054-8062 -
Genetic study between SIRT1, PPARD, PGC-1alfa genes and Alzheimer's disease
Helisalmi S, Vepsäläinen S, Hiltunen M, Koivisto AM, Salminen A, Laakso M, Soininen H, Soininen H. 2008. Journal of neurology. 255: 668-673 -
Innate immunity meets with cellular stress at the IKK complex: Regulation of the IKK complex by HSP70 and HSP90
Salminen A, Paimela T, Suuronen T, Kaarniranta K. 2008. Immunology letters. 117: 9-15 -
Interaction of aging-associated signaling cascades: Inhibition of NF-kappaB signaling by longevity factors FoxOs and SIRT1
Salminen A, Ojala J, Huuskonen J, Kauppinen A, Suuronen T, Kaarniranta K. 2008. Cellular and molecular life sciences. 65: 1049-1058 -
Interleukin-18 increases expression of kinases involved in tau phosphorylation in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells
Ojala JO, Sutinen EM, Salminen A, Pirttilä T, Pirttilä T. 2008. Journal of neuroimmunology. 205: 86-93 -
NEMO shuttle: a link between DNA damage and NF-kappaB activation in progeroid syndromes?
Salminen A, Suuronen T, Huuskonen J, Kaarniranta K. 2008. Biochemical and biophysical research communications. 367: 715-718 -
Oxadiazole-carbonylaminothioureas as SIRT1 and SIRT2 inhibitors
Huhtiniemi T, Suuronen T, Rinne VM, Wittekindt C, Lahtela-Kakkonen M, Jarho E, Wallén EAA, Salminen A, Poso A, Leppänen J. 2008. Journal of medicinal chemistry. 51: 4377-4380 -
ROCK, PAK, and Toll of synapses in Alzheimer's disease
Salminen A, Suuronen T, Kaarniranta K. 2008. Biochemical and biophysical research communications. 371: 587-590 -
Radicicol but not geldanamycin evokes oxidative stress response and efflux protein inhibition in ARPE-19 human retinal pigment epithelial cells
Ryhänen T, Mannermaa E, Oksala N, Viiri J, Paimela T, Salminen A, Atalay M, Kaarniranta K. 2008. European journal of pharmacology. 584: 229-236 -
Regulation of ERalfa signaling pathway in neuronal HN10 cells: role of protein acetylation and Hsp90
Suuronen T, Ojala J, Hyttinen JMT, Kaarniranta K, Thornell A, Kyrylenko S, Salminen A. 2008. Neurochemical research. 33: 1768-1775 -
SIRT1 longevity factor suppresses NF-kappaB -driven immune responses: regulation of aging via NF-kappaB acetylation?
Salminen A, Kauppinen A, Suuronen T, Kaarniranta K. 2008. Bioessays. 30: 939-942 -
Terpenoids: natural inhibitors of NF-kappaB signaling with anti-inflammatory and anticancer potential
Salminen A, Lehtonen M, Suuronen T, Kaarniranta K, Huuskonen J. 2008. Cellular and molecular life sciences. 65: 2979-2999 -
Amyloid-beta 1-42 induced endocytosis and clusterin/apoJ protein accumulation in cultured human astrocytes
Nuutinen T, Huuskonen J, Suuronen T, Ojala J, Miettinen R, Salminen A. 2007. Neurochemistry international. 50: 540-547 -
Epigenetic regulation of clusterin/apolipoprotein J expression in retinal pigment epithelial cells
Suuronen T, Nuutinen T, Ryhänen T, Kaarniranta K, Salminen A. 2007. Biochemical and biophysical research communications. 357: 397-401 -
In vitro biocompatibility of degradable biopolymers in cell line cultures from various ocular tissues:Direct contact studies
Huhtala A, Pohjonen T, Salminen L, Salminen A, Kaarniranta K, Uusitalo H. 2007. Journal of biomedical materials research part a. 83A: 407-413 -
N-(3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propenoyl)-amino acid tryptamides as SIRT2 inhibitors
Kiviranta PH, Leppänen J, Rinne VM, Suuronen T, Kyrylenko O, Kyrylenko S, Kuusisto E, Tervo AJ, Järvinen T, Salminen A, Poso A, Wallén EAA. 2007. Bioorganic and medicinal chemistry letters. 17: 2448-2451 -
Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate activates akt and improves spatial learning in APP/PS1 mice without affecting beta-amyloid burden
Malm TM, Iivonen H, Goldsteins G, Keksa-Goldsteine V, Ahtoniemi T, Kanninen K, Salminen A, Auriola S, van Groen T, Tanila H, Koistinaho J. 2007. Journal of neuroscience. 27: 3712-3721 -
Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate inhibits induction of immunoproteasome and decreases survival in a rat model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Ahtoniemi T, Goldsteins G, Keksa-Goldsteine V, Malm T, Kanninen K, Salminen A, Koistinaho J. 2007. Molecular pharmacology. 71: 30-37 -
The effect of 17beta-estradiol on IL-6 secretion and NF-kappaB DNA-binding activity in human retinal pigment epithelial cells
Paimela T, Ryhänen T, Mannermaa E, Ojala J, Kalesnykas G, Salminen A, Kaarniranta K, Ojala J. 2007. Immunology letters. 110: 139-144 -
The expression of heat shock protein 27 in retinal ganglion and glial cells in a rat glaucoma model
Kalesnykas G, Niittykoski M, Rantala J, Miettinen R, Salminen A, Kaarniranta K, Uusitalo H. 2007. Neuroscience. 150: 692-704 -
Characterization of the pro-inflammatory signaling induced by protein acetylation in microglia
Suuronen T, Huuskonen J, Nuutinen T, Salminen A. 2006. Neurochemistry international. 49: 610-618 -
Comparative and pharmacophore model for deacetylase SIRT1
Huhtiniemi T, Wittekindt C, Laitinen T, Leppänen J, Salminen A, Poso A, Lahtela-Kakkonen M. 2006. Journal of computer-aided molecular design. 20: 589-599 -
Discovering inhibitors of human sirtuin type 2: novel structural scaffolds
Tervo AJ, Suuronen T, Kyrylenko S, Kuusisto E, Kiviranta PH, Salminen A, Leppänen J, Poso A. 2006. Journal of medicinal chemistry. 49: 7239-7241 -
N,N'-bisbenzylidenebenzene-1,4-diamines and N,N'-bisbenzylidenenaphthalene-1,4-diamines as sirtuin type 2 (SIRT2) inhibitors
Kiviranta PH, Leppänen J, Kyrylenko S, Salo HS, Lahtela-Kakkonen M, Tervo AJ, Wittekindt C, Suuronen T, Kuusisto E, Järvinen T, Salminen A, Poso A, Wallén EAA. 2006. Journal of medicinal chemistry. 49: 7907-7911 -
A refined in vitro model to study inflammatory responses in organotypic membrane culture of postnatal rat hippocampal slices
Huuskonen J, Suuronen T, Miettinen R, van Groen T, Salminen A. 2005. Journal of neuroinflammation. 2: 25 [15 p.] -
Anti-inflammatory effect of selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) in microglial cells
Suuronen T, Nuutinen T, Huuskonen J, Ojala J, Thornell A, Salminen A. 2005. Inflammation research. 54: 194-203 -
Changes in DNA binding pattern of transcription factor YY1 in neuronal degeneration
Korhonen P, Kyrylenko S, Suuronen T, Salminen A. 2005. Neuroscience letters. 377: 121-124 -
Geldanamycin activates Hsp70 response and attenuates okadaic acid-induced cytotoxicity in human retinal pigment epithelial cells
Kaarniranta K, Ryhänen T, Sironen RK, Suuronen T, Elo MA, Karjalainen HM, Lammi MJ, Teräsvirta M, Uusitalo H, Salminen A. 2005. MOLECULAR BRAIN RESEARCH. 137: 126-131 -
Geldanamycin increases 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE)-induced cell death in human retinal pigment epithelial cells
Kaarniranta K, Ryhänen T, Karjalainen HM, Lammi MJ, Suuronen T, Huhtala A, Kontkanen M, Teräsvirta M, Uusitalo H, Salminen A. 2005. Neuroscience letters. 382: 185-190 -
Induction of clusterin/apoJ expression by histone deacetylase inhibitors in neural cells
Nuutinen T, Suuronen T, Kyrylenko S, Huuskonen J, Salminen A. 2005. Neurochemistry international. 47: 528-538 -
An in silico approach to discovering novel inhibitors of human sirtuin type 2
Tervo AJ, Kyrylenko S, Niskanen P, Salminen A, Leppänen J, Nyrönen TH, Järvinen T, Poso A. 2004. Journal of medicinal chemistry. 47: 6292-6298 -
Both N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and non-NMDA receptors mediate glutamate-induced cleavage of the cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (cdk5) activator p35 in cultured rat hippocampal neurons
Kerokoski P, Suuronen T, Salminen A, Soininen H, Pirttilä T, Soininen H, Pirttilä T. 2004. Neuroscience letters. 368: 181-185 -
Regulation of microglial inflammatory response by sodium butyrate and short-chain fatty acids
Huuskonen J, Suuronen T, Nuutinen T, Kyrylenko S, Salminen A. 2004. British journal of pharmacology. 141: 874-880 -
Selective regulation of class I and class II histone deacetylases expression by inhibitors of histone deacetylases in cultured mouse neural cells
Ajamian F, Salminen A, Reeben M. 2004. Neuroscience letters. 365: 64-68 -
Differential regulation of the Sir2 histone deacetylase gene family by inhibitors of class I and II histone deacetylases
Kyrylenko S, Kyrylenko O, Suuronen T, Salminen A. 2003. Cellular and molecular life sciences. 60: 1990-1997 -
Regulation of MMP-9 (gelatinase B) in activated human monocyte/macrophages by two different types of bisphosphonates
Valleala H, Hanemaaijer R, Mandelin J, Salminen A, Teronen O, Mönkkönen J, Konttinen YT. 2003. Life sciences. 73: 2413-2420 -
Regulation of microglial inflammatory response by histone deacetylase inhibitors
Suuronen T, Huuskonen J, Pihlaja R, Kyrylenko S, Salminen A. 2003. Journal of neurochemistry. 87: 407-416 -
Silmänpohjan ikärappeuma - vaikea ongelma sekä potilaalle että silmälääkärille
Kaarniranta K, Sihvola R, Salminen A, Lammi MJ, Teräsvirta M, Kontkanen M. 2003. Duodecim. 119: 935-942 -
Upregulation of class II histone deacetylases mRNA during neutral differentiation of cultured rat hippocampal progenitor cells
Ajamian F, Suuronen T, Salminen A, Reeben M. 2003. Neuroscience letters. 346: 57-60 -
Beta-amyloid precursor protein transgenic mice that harbor diffuse A beta deposits but do not form plaques show increased ischemic vulnerability: Role of inflammation
Koistinaho M, Kettunen MI, Goldsteins G, Keinänen R, Salminen A, Ort M, Bures J, Liu D, Kauppinen RA, Higgins LS, Koistinaho J. 2002. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 99: 1610-1615 -
Cleavage of the cyclin-dependent kinase 5 activator p35 to p25 does not induce tau hyperphosphorylation
Kerokoski P, Suuronen T, Salminen A, Soininen H, Pirttilä T. 2002. Biochemical and biophysical research communications. 298: 693-698 -
Early accumulation of p62 in neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer¿s disease: possible role in tangle fomation
Kuusisto E, Salminen A, Alafuzoff I. 2002. Neuropathology and applied neurobiology. 28: 228-237 -
Influence of phosphorylation of p35, an activator of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (cdk5), on the proteolysis of p35
Kerokoski P, Suuronen T, Salminen A, Soininen H, Pirttilä T. 2002. MOLECULAR BRAIN RESEARCH. 106: 50-56 -
Neuronal cells show regulatory differences in the hsp70 gene response
Kaarniranta K, Oksala N, Karjalainen HM, Suuronen T, Sistonen L, Helminen HJ, Salminen A, Lammi MJ. 2002. MOLECULAR BRAIN RESEARCH. 101: 136-140 -
Seladin-1 transcription is linked to neuronal degeneration in Alzheimer¿s disease
Iivonen S, Hiltunen M, Alafuzoff I, Mannermaa A, Kerokoski P, Puoliväli J, Salminen A, Helisalmi S, Soininen H. 2002. Neuroscience. 113: 301-310 -
The role of topoisomerase II in the excision of DNA loop domains during apoptosis
Solovyan VT, Bezvenyuk ZA, Salminen A, Austin CA, Courtney MJ. 2002. Journal of biological chemistry. 277: 21458-21467 -
Characterization of aging-associated up-regulation of constitutive nuclear factor-kappaB binding activity
Helenius M, Kyrylenko S, Vehviläinen P, Salminen A. 2001. Antioxidants and redox signaling. 3: 147-156 -
Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 5 and type- 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor are differentially regulated during apoptosis in cerebellar granule cells
Roschier M, Kuusisto E, Suuronen T, Korhonen P, Kyrylenko S, Salminen A. 2001. Journal of neurochemistry. 76: 11-20 -
Piroxicam and NS-398 rescue neurones from hypoxia/reoxygenation damage by a mechanism independent of cyclo-oxygenase inhibition
Vartiainen N, Huang C-Y, Salminen A, Goldsteins G, Chan PH, Koistinaho J. 2001. Journal of neurochemistry. 76: 480-489 -
The levels of cdk5 and p35 proteins and tau phosphorylation are reduced during neuronal apoptosis
Kerokoski P, Suuronen T, Salminen A, Soininen H, Pirttilä T. 2001. Biochemical and biophysical research communications. 280: 998-1002 -
Ubiquitin-binding protein p62 expression is induced during apoptosis and proteasomal inhibition in neuronal cells
Kuusisto E, Suuronen T, Salminen A. 2001. Biochemical and biophysical research communications. 280: 223-228 -
Ubiquitin-binding protein p62 is present in neuronal and glial inclusions in human tauopathies and synucleinopathies
Kuusisto E, Salminen A, Alafuzoff I. 2001. Neuroreport. 12: 2085-2090 -
A differential display protocol to identifity differentially expressed mRNAs in potassium-deprived cerebellar granule cells
Roschier M, Kuusisto E, Salminen A. 2000. BRAIN RESEARCH. BRAIN RESEARCH PROTOCOLS (AMSTERDAM). 5: 121-131 -
Excision of DNA loop domains as a common step in caspase-dependent and -independent types of neuronal cell death
Bezvenyuk Z, Salminen A, Solovyan V. 2000. MOLECULAR BRAIN RESEARCH. 81: 191-196 -
Expression of transcriptional repressor proteins mSin3A and 3B during Aging and replicative senescence
Kyrylenko S, Korhonen P, Kyrylenko O, Roschier M, Salminen A. 2000. Biochemical and biophysical research communications. 275: 455-459 -
Protective effect of L-Deprenyl against apoptosis induced by okadaic acid in cultured neuronal cells
Suuronen T, Kolehmainen P, Salminen A. 2000. Biochemical pharmacology. 59: 1589-1595 -
Protective effect of suramin against cell death in rat cerebellar granular neurons and mouse neuroblastoma cells
Bezvenyuk Z, Suuronen T, Salminen A, Solovyan V. 2000. Neuroscience letters. 292: 111-114 -
A rapid and efficient method for preparation of genomic DNA suitable for analysis of both high and low molecular weight DNA fragmentation during neuronal apoptosis
Solovyan V, Salminen A. 1999. BRAIN RESEARCH. BRAIN RESEARCH PROTOCOLS (AMSTERDAM). 4: 335-340 -
Attenuation of NF-kappaB signaling response to UVB light during cellular senescence
Helenius M, Mäkeläinen L, Salminen A. 1999. Experimental cell research. 248: 194-202 -
Contrasting effects of alendronate and clodronate on RAW 264 macrophages: the role of a bisphosphonate metabolite
Makkonen N, Salminen A, Rogers MJ, Frith JC, Urtti A, Azhayeva E, Mönkkönen J. 1999. European journal of pharmaceutical sciences. 8: 109-118 -
Distinct mechanisms underlay DNA disintegration during apoptosis induced by genotoxic and nongenotoxic agents in neuroblastoma cells
Solovyan V, Bezvenyuk Z, Huotari V, Tapiola T, Salminen A. 1999. Neurochemistry international. 34: 465-472 -
Regulation of PTEN expression in neuronal apoptosis
Kyrylenko S, Roschier M, Korhonen P, Salminen A. 1999. MOLECULAR BRAIN RESEARCH. 73: 198-202 -
Distinct mode of apoptosis induced by genotoxic agent etoposide and serum withdrawal in neuroblastoma cells
Solovyan V, Bezvenyuk Z, Huotari V, Tapiola T, Suuronen T, Salminen A. 1998. MOLECULAR BRAIN RESEARCH. 62: 43-55 -
Expression of seizure-related PTZ-17 is induced by potassium deprivation in cerebellar granule cells
Roschier M, Kuusisto E, Kyrylenko S, Salminen A. 1998. Biochemical and biophysical research communications. 252: 10-13 -
Expression of transcriptional repressor protein mSin3A but not mSin3B is induced during neuronal apoptosis
Korhonen P, Tapiola T, Suuronen T, Salminen A. 1998. Biochemical and biophysical research communications. 252: 274-277 -
Neuronal apoptosis induced by histone deacetylase inhibitors
Salminen A, Tapiola T, Korhonen P, Suuronen T. 1998. MOLECULAR BRAIN RESEARCH. 61: 203-206 -
Age-related changes in the regulation of transcription factor NF-kappaB in rat brain
Korhonen P, Helenius M, Salminen A. 1997. Neuroscience letters. 225: 61-64 -
Down-regulation of Ku autoantigen, DNA-dependent protein kinase, and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase during cellular senescence
Salminen A, Helenius M, Lahtinen T, Korhonen P, Tapiola T, Soininen H, Solovyan V. 1997. Biochemical and biophysical research communications. 238: 712-716 -
Glutamate-induced changes in the DNA-binding complexes of transcription factor YY1 in cultured hippocampal and cerebellar granule cells
Korhonen P, Huotari V, Soininen H, Salminen A. 1997. MOLECULAR BRAIN RESEARCH. 52: 330-333 -
Aging-induced up-regulation of nuclear binding activities of oxidative stress responsive NF-kB transcription factor in mouse cardiac muscle
Helenius M, Hänninen M, Lehtinen SK, Salminen A. 1996. Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology. 28: 487-498 -
Changes associated with aging and replicative senescence in the regulation of transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB
Helenius M, Hänninen M, Lehtinen SK, Salminen A. 1996. Biochemical journal. 318: 603-608 -
Down-regulation of nuclear binding activities of OXBOX-REBOX transcription factors during cellular senescence
Lehtinen SK, Rahkila P, Helenius M, Salminen A. 1996. Biochemical and biophysical research communications. 226: 403-406 -
Down-regulation of transcription factors AP-1, Sp-1, and NF-kappaB precedes myocyte differentation
Lehtinen SK, Rahkila P, Helenius M, Korhonen P, Salminen A. 1996. Biochemical and biophysical research communications. 229: 36-43