Monitoring the Building Physics Performance and Emissions of Timber Structures - PUUMO

The ecological renewability, lightweight characteristics, rapid construction, excellent insulation properties, and recyclability of wood make it an attractive building material. Timber structures function as carbon sinks, sequestering carbon throughout their life cycle, contributing to the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions. Globally, many countries set goals to reduce the environmental impact of the construction industry, for which wood construction provides a sustainable solution. Increasing wood construction is considered one method as Finland aims to achieve carbon neutrality by 2035.
Despite the advantages of wood construction, potential challenges regarding indoor air quality should be acknowledged. Emissions of organic compounds from new wood materials significantly impact indoor air quality during construction and for some time afterward. Wood material reaction to humidity changes affects indoor moisture balance and organic compound emissions. For instance, aldehyde and terpene concentrations rise with increasing relative humidity in wood structures, and extensive rise of moisture in wood constructions may lead to mold growth.
Buildings substantially impact energy consumption, with building energy use comprising about 40% of Finland’s energy consumption. Airtightness in a building’s envelope is crucial for enhancing energy efficiency, preventing uncontrolled air leakage, and shielding structures from moisture damage. Mass timber and hybrid structures in large-scale construction are relatively new, and their design solutions for connections and joints are still in development. Junctions of building components often present weak points in a building’s airtightness, creating complex discontinuities in airtight and vapor barrier layers. Local moisture convection through the building envelope can cause severe moisture damage and affect indoor air quality.
Airtightness, studied through laboratory experiments and models, necessitates field studies with real tolerances and materials to understand various factors impact. This project uses the test houses of Xamk as a testing platform including the test house build in “PUUTIKO” – project which enables comprehensive research on moisture conditions, ventilation, structural changes, airtightness, material emissions, and indoor air quality. The study involves collaboration with the South-Eastern Finland University of Applied Sciences and the research group for indoor environment and occupational hygiene at the University of Eastern Finland.
In addition to the aforementioned aspects, research is also conducted in existing wooden buildings. The aim of indoor air quality measurements in wooden buildings is to investigate how environmental factors, the quality, age, and treatment of wooden structures, as well as the maintenance of building materials, affect material emissions and indoor air quality.
This research provides practical insights into how wooden buildings perform under real conditions, how they respond to various environmental factors, and how building use and maintenance impact structures, airtightness, wood materials, and the emissions of organic compounds.