Samu Kainulainen

Beat-to-beat cardiac repolarization lability increases during hypoxemia and arousals in obstructive sleep apnea patients

Ebrahimian, Serajeddin; Sillanmäki, Saara; Hietakoste, Salla; Kulkas, Antti; Töyräs, Juha; Bailón, Raquel; Hernando, David; Lombardi, Carolina; Grote, Ludger; Bonsignore, Maria R; Saaresranta, Tarja; Pépin, Jean-Louis; Leppänen, Timo; Kainulainen, Samu. 2024. American journal of physiology : heart and circulatory physiology. 326: H1094-H1104

Increased Flow Limitation During Sleep Is Associated With Increased Psychomotor Vigilance Task Lapses in Individuals With Suspected OSA

Staykov, Eric; Mann, Dwayne L.; Duce, Brett; Kainulainen, Samu; Leppänen, Timo; Töyräs, Juha; Azarbarzin, Ali; Georgeson, Thomas; Sands, Scott A.; Terrill, Philip I.. 2024. Chest. 165: 990-1003

Respiratory event index underestimates severity of sleep apnea compared to apnea-hypopnea index

Pitkänen, Minna; Nath, Rajdeep Kumar; Korkalainen, Henri; Nikkonen, Sami; Mahamid, Alaa; Oksenberg, Arie; Duce, Brett; Töyräs, Juha; Kainulainen, Samu; Leppänen, Timo. 2024. Sleep advances. 5: . zpad054

Variation in the Photoplethysmogram Response to Arousal From Sleep Depending on the Cause of Arousal and the Presence of Desaturation

Luukinen, Mieli; Pitkänen, Henna; Leppänen, Timo; Töyräs, Juha; Islind, Anna Sigridur; Kainulainen, Samu; Korkalainen, Henri. 2024. IEEE journal of translational engineering in health and medicine. 12: 328-339

Acute cardiorespiratory coupling impairment in worsening sleep apnea-related intermittent hypoxemia

Hietakoste, Salla; Armanac-Julian, Pablo; Karhu, Tuomas; Bailon, Raquel; Sillanmäki, Saara; Töyräs, Juha; Leppänen, Timo; Myllymaa, Sami; Kainulainen, Samu. 2023. IEEE transactions on biomedical engineering. 2024; 71: 326-333

Characterization of Cardiopulmonary Coupling in Pediatric Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Armanac-Julian, Pablo; Martin-Montero, Adrian; Hietakoste, Salla; Lazaro, Jesus; Kainulainen, Samu; Gozal, David; Hornero, Roberto; Laguna, Pablo; Gutierrez-Tobal, Gonzalo; Gil, Eduardo; Bailon, Raquel. Teoksessa: (toim.) , 2023. 2023 Computing in Cardiology (CinC). s. 1-4. IEEE

Generalizable Deep Learning-based Sleep Staging Approach for Ambulatory Textile Electrode Headband Recordings

Rusanen, Matias; Huttunen, Riku; Korkalainen, Henri; Myllymaa, Sami; Toyras, Juha; Myllymaa, Katja; Sigurdardottir, Sigridur; Olafsdottir, Kristin Anna; Leppanen, Timo; Arnardottir, Erna Sif; Kainulainen, Samu. 2023. IEEE journal of biomedical and health informatics. 27: 1869-1880

Morbid obesity influences the nocturnal electrocardiogram wave and interval durations among suspected sleep apnea patients

Kainulainen, Samu; Suni, Aaron; Lipponen, Jukka A; Kulkas, Antti; Duce, Brett; Korkalainen, Henri; Nikkonen, Sami; Sillanmäki, Saara. 2023. Annals of noninvasive electrocardiology. 2024; 29:

Multicentre sleep-stage scoring agreement in the Sleep Revolution project

Nikkonen, Sami; Somaskandhan, Pranavan; Korkalainen, Henri; Kainulainen, Samu; Terrill, Philip I; Gretarsdottir, Heidur; Sigurdardottir, Sigridur; Olafsdottir, Kristin Anna; Islind, Anna Sigridur; oskarsdottir, Maria; Arnardottir, Erna Sif; Leppänen, Timo. 2023. Journal of sleep research. [Epub ahead of print 13 June 2023]:

Nasal Pressure Derived Airflow Limitation and Ventilation Measurements are Resilient to Reduced Signal Quality

Staykov, Eric; Mann, Dwayne L; Kainulainen, Samu; Duce, Brett; Leppänen, Timo; Töyräs, Juha; Sands, Scott A; Terrill, Philip I. Teoksessa: (toim.) , 2023. 2023 45th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Conference (EMBC): Proceedings. s. 4 pp.. IEEE

Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients With Atrial Arrhythmias Suffer From Prolonged Recovery From Desaturations

Rissanen, Marika; Korkalainen, Henri; Duce, Brett; Sillanmaki, Saara; Pitkanen, Henna; Suni, Aaron; Nikkonen, Sami; Kulkas, Antti; Toyras, Juha; Leppanen, Timo; Kainulainen, Samu. 2023. IEEE transactions on biomedical engineering. 70: 2122-2130

Oxygen resaturation rate is significantly associated with objectively assessed excessive daytime sleepiness in suspected obstructive sleep apnoea patients

Howarth, Timothy P.; Karhu, Tuomas; Kainulainen, Samu; Chen, Xin; Mahamid, Alaa; Töyräs, Juha; Leppänen, Timo. 2023. Sleep medicine. 107: 171-178

Review and perspective on sleep-disordered breathing research and translation to clinics

Korkalainen, Henri; Kainulainen, Samu; Islind, Anna Sigridur; Óskarsdóttir, María; Strassberger, Christian; Nikkonen, Sami; Töyräs, Juha; Kulkas, Antti; Grote, Ludger; Hedner, Jan; Sund, Reijo; Hrubos-Strom, Harald; Saavedra, Jose M.; Ólafsdóttir, Kristín Anna; Ágústsson, Jón S.; Terrill, Philip I.; McNicholas, Walter T.; Arnardóttir, Erna Sif; Leppänen, Timo. 2023. Sleep medicine reviews. 2024; 73:

Self‐applied somnography: technical feasibility of electroencephalography and electro‐oculography signal characteristics in sleep staging of suspected sleep‐disordered adults

Rusanen, Matias; Korkalainen, Henri; Gretarsdottir, Heidur; Siilak, Tiina; Olafsdottir, Kristin Anna; Töyräs, Juha; Myllymaa, Sami; Arnardottir, Erna Sif; Leppänen, Timo; Kainulainen, Samu. 2023. Journal of sleep research. [Epub ahead of print 03 July 2023]: . e13977

Towards a Deeper Understanding of Sleep Stages through their Representation in the Latent Space of Variational Autoencoders

Biedebach, Luka; Rusanen, Matias; Pórðarson, Benedikt Hólm; Arnardóttir, Erna Sif; Óskarsdóttir, María; Nikkonen, Sami; Korkalainen, Henri; Myllymaa, Sami; Töyräs, Juha; Kainulainen, Samu; Leppänen, Timo; Islind, Anna Sigridur. Teoksessa: Bui, Tung(toim.) , 2023. Proceedings of the 56th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. s. 3111-3120. Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences

Deep Learning Enables Accurate Automatic Sleep Staging Based on Ambulatory Forehead EEG

Leino, Akseli; Korkalainen, Henri; Kalevo, Laura; Nikkonen, Sami; Kainulainen, Samu; Ryan, Alexander; Duce, Brett; Sipila, Kirsi; Ahlberg, Jari; Sahlman, Johanna; Miettinen, Tomi; Westeren-Punnonen, Susanna; Mervaala, Esa; Toyras, Juha; Myllymaa, Sami; Leppanen, Timo; Myllymaa, Katja. 2022. IEEE access. 10: 26554-26566

Gamma Power of Electroencephalogram Arousal is Modulated by Respiratory Event Type and Severity in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Pitkanen, Henna; Duce, Brett; Leppänen, Timo; Kainulainen, Samu; Kulkas, Antti; Myllymaa, Sami; Töyräs, Juha; Korkalainen, Henri. 2022. IEEE transactions on biomedical engineering. 69: 1417-1423

Inter-sleep stage variations in corrected QT interval differ between obstructive sleep apnea patients with and without stroke history

Ebrahimian, Serajeddin; Sillanmäki, Saara; Hietakoste, Salla; Duce, Brett; Kulkas, Antti; Töyräs, Juha; Leppänen, Timo; Lipponen, Jukka A.; Kainulainen, Samu. 2022. PLoS ONE. 17:

Novel oxygen desaturation parameters are associated with cardiac troponin I: Data from the Akershus Sleep Apnea Project

Sigurdardottir, Fjola D.; Øverby, Caroline Tonje; Nikkonen, Sami; Karhu, Tuomas; Dammen, Toril; Nordhus, Inger Hilde; Thorshov, Thea; Einvik, Gunnar; Kainulainen, Samu; Leppänen, Timo; Arnardottir, Erna Sif; Töyräs, Juha; Omland, Torbjørn; Hrubos‐Strøm, Harald. 2022. Journal of sleep research. 31: . e13581

OSA-related respiratory events and desaturation severity are associated with the cardiac response

Hietakoste, Salla; Karhu, Tuomas; Sillanmäki, Saara; Bailón, Raquel; Penzel, Thomas; Töyräs, Juha; Leppänen, Timo; Myllymaa, Sami; Kainulainen, Samu. 2022. ERJ open research. 8:

Pulse Oximetry: The Working Principle, Signal Formation, and Applications

Leppänen, Timo; Kainulainen, Samu; Korkalainen, Henri; Sillanmäki, Saara; Kulkas, Antti; Töyräs, Juha; Nikkonen, Sami. Teoksessa: Penzel, T; Hornero, R(toim.) , 2022. Advances in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Sleep Apnea. s. 205-218. Springer

QTc prolongation is associated with severe desaturations in stroke patients with sleep apnea

Sillanmäki, Saara; Lipponen, Jukka A; Korkalainen, Henri; Kulkas, Antti; Leppänen, Timo; Nikkonen, Sami; Töyräs, Juha; Duce, Brett; Suni, Aaron; Kainulainen, Samu. 2022. Bmc pulmonary medicine. 22: . 204

An In-Laboratory Comparison of FocusBand EEG Device and Textile Electrodes Against a Medical-Grade System and Wet Gel Electrodes

Rusanen, Matias; Myllymaa, Sami; Kalevo, Laura; Myllymaa, Katja; Töyräs, Juha; Leppanen, Timo; Kainulainen, Samu. 2021. IEEE access. 9: 132580-132591

Auttaako teknologia uniongelmiin?

Kainulainen, S; Töyräs, J; Leppänen, T. 2021. Tekniikan maailma. : 68-72

Comparison of EEG Signal Characteristics Between Polysomnography and Self Applied Somnography Setup in a Pediatric Cohort

Kainulainen, Samu; Korkalainen, Henri; Sigurdardottir, Sigriur; Myllymaa, Sami; Serwatko, Marta; Sigurdardottir, Sigurveig Pora; Clausen, Michael; Leppänen, Timo; Arnardottir, Erna Sif. 2021. IEEE access. 9: 110916-110926

Detailed assessment of sleep architecture with deep learning and shorter epoch-to-epoch duration reveals sleep fragmentation of patients with obstructive sleep apnea

Korkalainen, Henri; Leppänen, Timo; Duce, Brett; Kainulainen, Samu; Aakko, Juhani; Leino, Akseli; Kalevo, Laura; Afara, Isaac O; Myllymaa, Sami; Töyräs, Juha. 2021. IEEE journal of biomedical and health informatics. 25: 2567-2574

Neural network analysis of nocturnal SpO2 signal enables easy screening of sleep apnea in patients with acute cerebrovascular disease

Leino, Akseli; Nikkonen, Sami; Kainulainen, Samu; Korkalainen, Henri; Töyräs, Juha; Myllymaa, Sami; Leppänen, Timo; Ylä-Herttuala, Salla; Westeren-Punnonen, Susanna; Muraja-Murro, Anu; Jäkälä, Pekka; Mervaala, Esa; Myllymaa, Katja. 2021. Sleep medicine. 79: 71-78

Self-Applied Home Sleep Recordings: The Future of Sleep Medicine

Korkalainen, Henri; Nikkonen, Sami; Kainulainen, Samu; Dwivedi, Amit Krishna; Myllymaa, Sami; Leppänen, Timo; Töyräs, Juha. 2021. Sleep medicine clinics. 16: 545-556

Technical Performance of Textile-Based Dry Forehead Electrodes Compared With Medical-Grade Overnight Home Sleep Recordings

Rusanen, Matias; Kainulainen, Samu; Korkalainen, Henri; Kalevo, Laura; Myllymaa, Katja; Leppanen, Timo; Toyras, Juha; Arnardottir, Erna Sif; Myllymaa, Sami. 2021. IEEE access. 9: 157902 - 157915

Uniapnea on kallis kansantauti, joka havaitaan usein liian myöhään - diagnostiikkaa tulee kehittää ja tekoälyllä on tässä merkittävä rooli

Kainulainen, Samu; Hietakoste, Salla. 2021. MustRead. : -

Deep learning enables sleep staging from photoplethysmogram for patients with suspected sleep apnea

Korkalainen, H; Aakko, J; Duce, B; Kainulainen, S; Leino, A; Nikkonen, S; Afara, I O; Myllymaa, S; Töyräs, J; Leppänen, T. 2020. Sleep. 43: zsaa098

Effect of sweating on electrode-skin contact impedances and artifacts in EEG recordings with various screen-printed Ag/Agcl electrodes

Kalevo, Laura; Miettinen, Tomi; Leino, Akseli; Kainulainen, Samu; Korkalainen, Henri; Myllymaa, Katja; Töyräs, Juha; Leppänen, Timo; Laitinen, Tiina; Myllymaa, Sami. 2020. IEEE access. 8: 50934-50943

Estimating daytime sleepiness with previous night EEG, EOG and EMG spectrograms in patients with suspected sleep apnea using a convolutional neural network

Nikkonen, Sami; Korkalainen, Henri; Kainulainen, Samu; Myllymaa, Sami; Leino, Akseli; Kalevo, Laura; Oksenberg, Arie; Leppänen, Timo; Töyräs, Juha. 2020. Sleep. 43: zsaa106

Increased nocturnal arterial pulsation frequencies of obstructive sleep apnoea patients is associated with an increased number of lapses in a psychomotor vigilance task

Kainulainen, Samu; Duce, Brett; Korkalainen, Henri; Leino, Akseli; Huttunen, Riku; Kalevo, Laura; Arnardottir, Erna S; Kulkas, Antti; Myllymaa, Sami; Töyräs, Juha; Leppänen, Timo. 2020. ERJ open research. 6: 00277-202

Longer apneas and hypopneas are associated with greater ultra-short-term HRV in obstructive sleep apnea

Hietakoste, Salla; Korkalainen, Henri; Kainulainen, Samu; Sillanmäki, Saara; Nikkonen, Sami; Myllymaa, Sami; Duce, Brett; Töyräs, Juha; Leppänen, Timo. 2020. Scientific reports. 10: 21556

Power spectral densities of nocturnal pulse oximetry signals differ in OSA patients with and without daytime sleepiness

Kainulainen, Samu; Töyräs, Juha; Oksenberg, Arie; Korkalainen, Henri; Afara, Isaac O; Leino, Akseli; Kalevo, Laura; Nikkonen, Sami; Gadoth, Natan; Kulkas, Antti; Myllymaa, Sami; Leppänen, Timo. 2020. Sleep medicine. 73: 231-237

Pulse oximetry-derived biomarkers for severity assessment of obstructive sleep apnea - Associating parametric and frequency-domain features of SpO2 and PPG signals with daytime sleepiness and impaired vigilance

Kainulainen, Samu. 2020. Publications of the University of Eastern Finland. Dissertations in Forestry and Natural Sciences

Severe Desaturations Increase PVT-based Median Reaction Time and Number of Lapses in OSA Patients

Kainulainen, S; Duce, B; Korkalainen, H; Oksenberg, A; Leino, A; Arnardottir, E; Kulkas, A; Myllymaa, S; Töyräs, J; Leppänen, T. 2020. European respiratory journal. 55: 1901849

Accurate Deep Learning-Based Sleep Staging in a Clinical Population with Suspected Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Korkalainen, Henri; Aakko, Juhani; Nikkonen, Sami; Kainulainen, Samu; Leino, Akseli; Duce, Brett; Afara, Isaac Oluwaseun; Myllymaa, Sami; Töyräs, Juha; Leppänen, Timo. 2019. IEEE journal of biomedical and health informatics. 24: 2073-2081

Improved Sweat Artifact Tolerance of Screen-Printed EEG Electrodes by Material Selection-Comparison of Electrochemical Properties in Artificial Sweat

Kalevo, Laura; Miettinen, Tomi; Leino, Akseli; Kainulainen, Samu; Myllymaa, Katja; Toyras, Juha; Leppanen, Timo; Myllymaa, Sami. 2019. IEEE access. 7: 133237-133247

Severity of desaturations reflects OSA-related daytime sleepiness better than AHI

Kainulainen, S; Töyräs, J; Oksenberg, A; Korkalainen, H; Sefa, S; Kulkas, A; Leppänen, T. 2019. Journal of clinical sleep medicine. 15: 1135-1142

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Beat-to-beat cardiac repolarization lability increases during hypoxemia and arousals in obstructive sleep apnea patients

Increased Flow Limitation During Sleep Is Associated With Increased Psychomotor Vigilance Task Lapses in Individuals With Suspected OSA

Respiratory event index underestimates severity of sleep apnea compared to apnea-hypopnea index

Variation in the Photoplethysmogram Response to Arousal From Sleep Depending on the Cause of Arousal and the Presence of Desaturation

Acute cardiorespiratory coupling impairment in worsening sleep apnea-related intermittent hypoxemia

Characterization of Cardiopulmonary Coupling in Pediatric Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Generalizable Deep Learning-based Sleep Staging Approach for Ambulatory Textile Electrode Headband Recordings

Morbid obesity influences the nocturnal electrocardiogram wave and interval durations among suspected sleep apnea patients

Multicentre sleep-stage scoring agreement in the Sleep Revolution project

Nasal Pressure Derived Airflow Limitation and Ventilation Measurements are Resilient to Reduced Signal Quality

Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients With Atrial Arrhythmias Suffer From Prolonged Recovery From Desaturations

Oxygen resaturation rate is significantly associated with objectively assessed excessive daytime sleepiness in suspected obstructive sleep apnoea patients

Review and perspective on sleep-disordered breathing research and translation to clinics

Self‐applied somnography: technical feasibility of electroencephalography and electro‐oculography signal characteristics in sleep staging of suspected sleep‐disordered adults

Towards a Deeper Understanding of Sleep Stages through their Representation in the Latent Space of Variational Autoencoders

Deep Learning Enables Accurate Automatic Sleep Staging Based on Ambulatory Forehead EEG

Gamma Power of Electroencephalogram Arousal is Modulated by Respiratory Event Type and Severity in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Inter-sleep stage variations in corrected QT interval differ between obstructive sleep apnea patients with and without stroke history

Novel oxygen desaturation parameters are associated with cardiac troponin I: Data from the Akershus Sleep Apnea Project

OSA-related respiratory events and desaturation severity are associated with the cardiac response

Pulse Oximetry: The Working Principle, Signal Formation, and Applications

QTc prolongation is associated with severe desaturations in stroke patients with sleep apnea

An In-Laboratory Comparison of FocusBand EEG Device and Textile Electrodes Against a Medical-Grade System and Wet Gel Electrodes

Auttaako teknologia uniongelmiin?

Comparison of EEG Signal Characteristics Between Polysomnography and Self Applied Somnography Setup in a Pediatric Cohort

Detailed assessment of sleep architecture with deep learning and shorter epoch-to-epoch duration reveals sleep fragmentation of patients with obstructive sleep apnea

Neural network analysis of nocturnal SpO2 signal enables easy screening of sleep apnea in patients with acute cerebrovascular disease

Self-Applied Home Sleep Recordings: The Future of Sleep Medicine

Technical Performance of Textile-Based Dry Forehead Electrodes Compared With Medical-Grade Overnight Home Sleep Recordings

Uniapnea on kallis kansantauti, joka havaitaan usein liian myöhään - diagnostiikkaa tulee kehittää ja tekoälyllä on tässä merkittävä rooli

Deep learning enables sleep staging from photoplethysmogram for patients with suspected sleep apnea

Effect of sweating on electrode-skin contact impedances and artifacts in EEG recordings with various screen-printed Ag/Agcl electrodes

Estimating daytime sleepiness with previous night EEG, EOG and EMG spectrograms in patients with suspected sleep apnea using a convolutional neural network

Increased nocturnal arterial pulsation frequencies of obstructive sleep apnoea patients is associated with an increased number of lapses in a psychomotor vigilance task

Longer apneas and hypopneas are associated with greater ultra-short-term HRV in obstructive sleep apnea

Power spectral densities of nocturnal pulse oximetry signals differ in OSA patients with and without daytime sleepiness

Pulse oximetry-derived biomarkers for severity assessment of obstructive sleep apnea - Associating parametric and frequency-domain features of SpO2 and PPG signals with daytime sleepiness and impaired vigilance

Severe Desaturations Increase PVT-based Median Reaction Time and Number of Lapses in OSA Patients

Accurate Deep Learning-Based Sleep Staging in a Clinical Population with Suspected Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Improved Sweat Artifact Tolerance of Screen-Printed EEG Electrodes by Material Selection-Comparison of Electrochemical Properties in Artificial Sweat

Severity of desaturations reflects OSA-related daytime sleepiness better than AHI