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Saimaa ringed seal research

Research group
01.01.2006 -
Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Forestry and Technology

Leaders

The Saimaa ringed seal research project at the University of Eastern Finland (UEF) provides the scientific basis for the conservation of the Saimaa ringed seal population. The research group investigates ringed seal biology, estimate different risk factors, and develops new methods for conservation and monitoring. Research results have direct applications in conservation of the Saimaa ringed seal. By-catch mortality, changing environment (especially climate change), viability of the population, and development of new methods are key elements in different research projects. Current research issues include behavioral ecology, genetics and population modeling. In addition, the Saimaa ringed seal research maintains the Saimaa ringed seal tissue bank for current and future research and educational needs.

Projects

Cooperation

  • Metsähallitus

  • WWF Finland

  • Saimaa ringed seal mother and pup
    Picture: Mervi Kunnasranta

    UEF is the only university that carries out field research on the ecology of the Saimaa ringed seal. In recent years, our research has focused especially on the survival of young age classes, because pup mortality is currently worryingly high. Furthermore, special focus is on dispersal of pups during their first critical year. Additionally, impacts of weather, human caused disturbance, and predation on the seal population are studied. The methods used include GPS/GSM- and VHF-telemetry, and remotely operated cameras. These technologies enable detailed monitoring of individuals for several months (telemetry) or even through an individual’s whole life (individual recognition based on photo-ID). Results from individual monitoring can be utilized also in population modeling, which enables risk assessment at the population level.

    Current monitoring and conservation methods of the Saimaa ringed seal have mostly been developed at the University of Joensuu. UEF has continued this work. Development of methods for monitoring has been focused especially on estimation of juvenile mortality and improvement of pup survival in the changing climate. UEF has created and tested ‘man-made snowdrift’ method for artificially improving the lair conditions during breeding season. This method was successfully used at large scale as conservation action during the mild winter 2014.

  • Swimming Saimaa ringed seal
    Picture: Marja Niemi

    The Saimaa ringed seal has exceptionally low genetic diversity, and the population is further divided into several small, partially isolated subpopulations. Low genetic variation may reduce the species’ ability to adapt to environmental change, increase the effects of inbreeding, and ultimately compromise the long-term viability of the population.

    At the University of Eastern Finland, we study the conservation of genetic diversity, the evolutionary history of the Saimaa ringed seal, and its adaptation to the unique freshwater lake environment. We also develop genetic methods for individual identification and for investigating relatedness, movement, and site fidelity of individual seals. Our genetic research provides knowledge that directly supports the planning and evaluation of conservation measures.

    Our studies utilise a high-quality chromosome-level reference genome of the Saimaa ringed seal, produced in collaboration with the University of Oulu, together with whole-genome datasets. These resources enable us to identify genes under natural selection, investigate population structure and demographic history and monitor changes in genetic diversity over time.

     

  • In the 1960s, extremely high mercury concentrations were measured from the tissues of Saimaa ringed seals. The high mercury concentrations are suspected to be contributing cause to the rapid decline of the Saimaa ringed seal population. Even though the industrial emissions of mercury have declined drastically during the last decades, silvicultural treatments, atmospheric transport and floods can release heavy metals from current and the old historical deposits from soils near the Lake Saimaa and from far away areas. In addition to heavy metal contamination, other atmospherically transported chemicals form a threat to the Saimaa ringed seal. These include, but are not limited to, for example polyfluorinated compounds (PFS – used in the manufacture of Teflon) and polybrominated compounds (PBDE – which are used as flame retardants). Ecotoxicological research in our group is aimed to determine the present concentrations of the environmental contaminants in Saimaa ringed seals, and to assess the effects of the chemical load on the well-being of the Saimaa ringed seal.

  • UEF collects Saimaa ringed seal photo-ID catalogue. If you wish to send your photos for research purposes and get information about the seal photographed, please send them to:

    [email protected]

    Please provide the following information: name of the photographer, date and location for the photos. Photo quality does not matter as long as fur pattern can be distinguished. Photos will not be published without permission and all rights are reserved to the photographer.

  • Three different size Saimaa ringed seal skulls
    Picture: Mervi Kunnasranta

    Saimaa ringed seal tissue bank is maintained by Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland. Tissue samples collected from Saimaa ringed seals found dead are deposited for current and future research and educational needs. The earliest samples are from the 1970s. Currently, the tissue bank database contains samples (muscle, blubber, liver, kidney and hair) of over 600 Saimaa ringed seals.

Keywords

Publications

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